Factors associated with failure to undergo health check-ups in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan / Journal of Rural Medicine

Objective: Municipal National Health Insurance (NHI) in Nagasaki Prefecture in Japan struggles with poor attendance of health check-ups, which was only 39.6% in 2018. This study aimed to evaluate factors that encourage healthy behaviors, including opting for health check-ups, and the characteristics of middle-aged and older individuals who did not undergo health check-ups.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study, using a self-administered questionnaire, was conducted in August 2020 in three municipalities of Nagasaki Prefecture. In addition to questions regarding sociodemographic information, such as sex, age, educational status, self-rated economic status, and family structure, the questionnaire included questions on daily lifestyle habits such as alcohol intake and exercise, current medical treatment, self-rated health, and information related to health check-ups. Of the 18,710 questionnaires distributed in the three municipalities, 8,756 (46.8%) were collected by the end of December 2020, of which 7,840 were valid for analysis. The compliance rate for health check-ups was obtained from the Public Health and Welfare Bureau of Nagasaki Prefecture. Statistical analyses were performed according to two age groups: 40−59 and 60−74 years.Results: Among the respondents who did not undergo health check-ups in the year prior to this study, “lack of time” and being “too bothersome” were the most popular reasons for not attending health check-ups. “Living alone” and “low self-rated economic status” were negative factors for receiving health check-ups regardless of age group.Conclusions: Vulnerable middle-aged and older persons, such as those living alone and with low economic status, were less likely to undergo health check-ups. Emphasis on home visits by public health nurses may also be needed to increase awareness of individual health conditions, especially for people living alone and those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged.

Estrategia comunitaria para desarrollar estilos de vida saludables en adultos mayores / Compliance with the recommendations for physical activity set by the WHO by public bicycle users in a Spanish municipality

RESUMEN Introducción: En Cuba, las personas mayores de 60 años constituyen 21,3 % de la población. Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia de la estrategia para la promoción de estilos de vida saludables en adultos mayores. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio pre-experimental a través de una intervención comunitaria en el Consejo Popular 2 Siboney, Comunidad de Barbosa, Municipio Playa, en el período comprendido de abril de 2015 a diciembre de 2016. Se escogió como universo la totalidad de los adultos mayores de 60 años del Consejo Popular 2 Siboney, Reparto Barbosa, Municipio Playa, La Habana y la población estuvo constituida por 66 adultos mayores para la fase diagnóstica y para la fase de implementación de la estrategia, donde se realizó una valoración del cambio, disminuyó la misma a 58 adultos mayores ya que salieron del estudio por fallecimiento o cambio de domicilio 8 personas mayores. Se analizó el cambio después de aplicada la estrategia en las variables: autocuidado, movilidad, uso de medicamentos, sueño, estado emocional, relaciones sociales, práctica de ejercicio físico y calidad de vida. Resultados: En todas se evidencia progresión hacia la mejoría. El análisis posterior arroja la modificación al área de positividad de los estilos de vida después de aplicada la estrategia. Conclusiones: Se observó un predominio de las categorías positivas. Disminuyeron las categorías negativas y aumentaron significativamente las buenas. Los factores asociados al estilo de vida fueron el autocuidado, ingestión de medicamentos, sueño, relaciones interpersonales y ejercicio físico. La aplicación de la Estrategia de promoción comunitaria fue efectiva para mejorar los estilos de vida.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In Cuba, people over 60 years old constitute 21,3 % of the population. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of a strategy for promotion of healthy lifestyles in older adults. Material and Methods: A pre-experimental study was performed through community intervention in the Popular Council No. 2 Siboney, Barbosa Community, Playa Municipality during the period between April 2015 and December 2016. The universe consisted of all adults over 60 years old from the aforementioned Popular Council. The study population was composed of 66 older adults who were chosen for the diagnostic phase and the strategy implementation phase, where a valuation of the change was carried out and it was reduced to 58 older adults due to deaths or changes of residence of eight of them. After the implementation of the strategy, the change was analyzed in the following variables: self-care, mobility, medication intake, sleep, emotional state, social relationships, physical exercise, and quality of life. Results: Progression to improvement is evidenced in all cases. A further analysis shows a change in the positivity of lifestyles after the implementation of the strategy. Conclusions: A predominance of positive categories was observed; negative categories diminished and the good ones increased significantly. The factors related to lifestyle included: self-care, medication intake, sleep, interpersonal relationships, and physical exercise. The implementation of a community promotion strategy was effective for the improvement of lifestyles.

Adolescents' healthy sports behavior model based on the theory of social-ecological system / Modelo de comportamento esportivo saudável de adolescentes baseado na teoria do sistema socioecológico / Modelo de comportamiento deportivo saludable de adolescentes basado en la teoría del sistema socioecológico

ABSTRACT Introduction: Education administrative departments and schools should regard sports as an integral part of school education and allow students to use sports every day. Guarantee the time for sports activities; schools should organize various forms of extracurricular sports activities". Objective: Based on the ecological system theory, the paper constructs a three-factor structural model that restricts youth sports participation and compiles a scale of factors restricting youth sports participation. Methods: The thesis selected 1,800 primary and secondary school students as the research object and used exploratory factor analysis to explore the questionnaire structure on the obstacles to sports participation. Results: 1) Exploratory factor analysis, the cumulative contribution rate of the first three factors extracted was 58.90%, and the load of each factor was more significant than 0.4. The three factors were school factors, family factors, and personal factors in order; 2) Reselected subjects, Exploring the three-factor structural model of obstacles to sports participation were verified. The final modified model RMSEA was 0.071, CFI was 0.98, and χ2/df was 8.55. The three factors were school factors, family factors, and personal factors. Conclusions: The fit of the three-factor structural indicators restricting youth sports participation is ideal, and the model is relatively stable. The "Questionnaire on Restricting Factors of Youth Sports Participation" can be used as a measurement tool to evaluate and understand youth sports participation constraints. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: Departamentos administrativos de educação e escolas devem considerar os esportes como parte integrante da educação escolar e permitir que os alunos pratiquem esportes todos os dias. Garantia de tempo para atividades esportivas; as escolas devem organizar várias formas de atividades esportivas extracurriculares. Objetivo: Com base na teoria do sistema ecológico, o artigo constrói um modelo estrutural de três fatores que restringe a participação em esportes de jovens e compila uma escala de fatores que restringem a participação em esportes de jovens. Métodos: a tese selecionou 1.800 alunos do ensino fundamental e médio como objeto de pesquisa e utilizou uma análise fatorial exploratória para explorar a estrutura do questionário sobre obstáculos à participação esportiva. Resultados: 1) Análise fatorial exploratória, a taxa de contribuição cumulativa dos três primeiros fatores extraídos foi de 58,90% e a carga de cada fator foi mais significativa do que 0,4. Os três fatores eram fatores escolares, fatores familiares e fatores pessoais em ordem; 2) Foram verificados os temas reelecionados, explorando o modelo estrutural de três fatores de obstáculos à participação esportiva. O modelo RMSEA modificado final foi 0,071, CFI foi 0,98 e χ2 / df foi 8,55. Os três fatores eram fatores escolares, fatores familiares e fatores pessoais. Conclusões: O ajuste dos indicadores estruturais de três fatores que restringem a participação dos jovens em esportes é ideal e o modelo é relativamente estável. O "Questionário sobre Fatores Restritivos da Participação em Esportes de Jovens" pode ser usado como uma ferramenta de medição para avaliar e compreender as limitações da participação em esportes de jovens. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos: investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los departamentos administrativos de educación y las escuelas deben considerar los deportes como una parte integral de la educación escolar y permitir que los estudiantes utilicen los deportes todos los días. Garantizar el tiempo para actividades deportivas; las escuelas deberían organizar diversas formas de actividades deportivas extracurriculares. Objetivo: Basado en la teoría del sistema ecológico, el artículo construye un modelo estructural de tres factores que restringe la participación deportiva juvenil y compila una escala de factores que restringen la participación deportiva juvenil. Métodos: La tesis seleccionó a 1.800 estudiantes de primaria y secundaria como objeto de investigación y utilizó un análisis factorial exploratorio para explorar la estructura del cuestionario sobre los obstáculos a la participación deportiva. Resultados: 1) Análisis factorial exploratorio, la tasa de contribución acumulada de los tres primeros factores extraídos fue de 58,90% y la carga de cada factor fue más significativa que 0,4. Los tres factores fueron factores escolares, factores familiares y factores personales en orden; 2) Se verificaron sujetos reselegidos, Explorando el modelo estructural de tres factores de obstáculos a la participación deportiva. El modelo final modificado RMSEA fue 0.071, CFI fue 0.98 y χ2 / df fue 8.55. Los tres factores fueron factores escolares, factores familiares y factores personales. Conclusiones: El ajuste de los indicadores estructurales de tres factores que restringen la participación deportiva juvenil es ideal y el modelo es relativamente estable. El "Cuestionario sobre factores restrictivos de la participación deportiva juvenil" puede utilizarse como una herramienta de medición para evaluar y comprender las limitaciones de la participación deportiva juvenil. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos: investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Impacto de la cercanía, toque afectivo y satisfacción con el apoyo de la pareja en los comportamientos saludables / Impact of closeness, affective touch and satisfaction with the couple´s support on healthy behaviors

RESUMEN Introducción: La pareja tiene efectos físicos y psicológicos sumamente positivos, especialmente cuando hay cercanía, debido al bienestar experimentado, toque afectivo, que enriquece la expresión de comprensión y satisfacción con el apoyo de la pareja, pues habrá mayor motivación para realizar comportamientos saludables. Objetivo: Identificar la magnitud, examinar las diferencias y conocer el grado de asociación de la cercanía, toque afectivo y satisfacción con el apoyo recibido por parte de la pareja en el empleo de comportamientos saludables. Método: Se trabajó con una muestra no probabilística de 194 hombres y 194 mujeres mexicanos integrantes de una relación de pareja heterosexual (edad M = 37), con escolaridad mínima de secundaria. Se aplicó una batería compuesta por instrumentos de medición psicológica validados para población mexicana y se realizó una serie de análisis de varianza con pruebas a posteriori de Scheffé y correlaciones producto momento de Pearson. Resultados: De los resultados se destaca que los grupos de mayor toque afectivo y satisfacción con el apoyo recibido emplean mayores comportamientos saludables de actividad y relajación. Por otra parte, para las mujeres, la cercanía se relaciona con mayores conductas de Actividad-relajación (0,168* según Pearson). Para los hombres, mayor satisfacción con el apoyo de su pareja propiciará que realicen mayores conductas de cuidado (0,157* según Pearson). Conclusión: Formar parte de una relación de pareja cercana, afectiva y donde el apoyo es satisfactorio crea un espacio para tener mejor calidad de vida y salud, por su influencia sobre actitudes, significados y conocimientos que determinan la adopción de conductas saludables.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The couple has extremely positive physical and psychological effects, especially when there is closeness, due to the experienced well-being, affective touch, which enriches the expression of compression and satisfaction with the support of the couple, since there will be greater motivation to perform healthy behaviors. Objective: Identify the magnitude, examine the differences and know the degree of association of closeness, affective touch and satisfaction with the support received from the couple in the use of healthy behaviors. Method: We worked with a non-probability sample of 194 Mexican men and 194 Mexican women who were members of a heterosexual couple relationship (age M = 37), with minimum middle school studies. A battery composed of validated psychological measurement instruments for the Mexican population was applied and a series of analysis of variance was performed with Scheffe´s posterior tests and Pearson´s product-moment correlations. Results: From the results, it is highlighted that the groups with the greatest affective touch and satis faction with the support received employ greater healthy behaviors of activity and relaxation. On the other hand, for women, closeness is related to greater Activity-relaxation behaviors (0,168* according to Pearson). For men, greater satisfaction with the support of their partner will lead to more caring behaviors (0,157* according to Pearson). Conclusion: Being part of a close, affective and supportive couple relationship creates a space to have better quality of life and health, due to its influence on attitudes, meanings and knowledge that determine the adoption of healthy behaviors.

Estilos de vida del Profesional Enfermero y su relación en la calidad de atención / Lifestyle of the Nursing Professional and their relationship in the quality of care

Los estilos de vida del profesional enfermero influyen significativamente en la calidad de atención que se proporcione a los usuarios. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los estilos de vida del profesional de enfermería y su relación en la calidad de atención. METODOLOGÍA: es una investigación documental bibliográfico, de corte transversal, tipo exploratorio, descriptivo, retrospectivo, como fuente se tomará las principales bases de datos de los últimos 3 años, se estableció un análisis entre los datos de diferentes investigaciones realizadas respecto a esta temática, para producir un aparte concluyente, RESULTADOS: en las actividades de los profesionales de enfermería se comprueba que tienen poco tiempo para sí mismos, existe un descuido en su autocuidado por las exigencias de sus trabajosa nivel administrativo, no existe tiempo para su vida emocional, no se dispone de tiempo para mantener amistades fuera de su actividad laboral, se reduce la actividad física, el estrés produce alteraciones fisiológicas y hábitos tóxicos de manera deficiente. En esta revisión se analizan cada uno de ellos y como todo afecta de una manera significativa en el desempeño profesional y en la calidad de atención que pudieran ofrecer a los usuarios que son atendidos por ellos. CONCLUSIONES: las exigencias administrativas y formas de evaluación continua en las instituciones de salud, obliga al profesional de enfermería a mantener una sobreprotección, con el descuido de su ambiente personal.

The lifestyles of the nursing professional significantly influence the quality of care provided to users. The objective of this study is to analyze the nursing professional's lifestyles and their relationship in the quality of care. METHODOLOGY: it is a bibliographic documentary research, cross-sectional, exploratory, descriptive, retrospective, as a source the main databases of the last 3 years will be taken, an analysis was established between the data of different investigations carried out regarding this theme, to produce a conclusive part, RESULTS: in the activities of nursing professionals it is found that they have little time for themselves, there is a neglect in their self-care due to the demands of their work at the administrative level, there is no time for their emotional life, they do not know You have time to maintain friendships outside your work activity, physical activity is reduced, stress produces physiological alterations and toxic habits poorly. In this review, each one of them is analyzed and how everything affects in a significant way the professional performance and the quality of care that they could offer to the users who are taken care of by them. CONCLUSIONS: the administrative requirements and forms of continuous evaluation in the health institutions, oblige the nursing professional to maintain an overprotection, with the neglect of their personal environment.

Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus / Health-related quality of life of patients bearing diabetes mellitus / Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de pacientes con el Diabetes Mellitus

Objetivo: Investigar a qualidade de vida de pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus (DM) e parâmetros clínicos. Método: Estudo transversal, em Unidade de Saúde do interior paulista, em 2016. A amostra foi constituída de 73 pacientes com DM. Utilizou-se o Instrumento DQOL-Brasil, sobre satisfação, impacto, preocupações sociais e ou vocacionais e preocupações relacionadas ao DM. Resultados: Predominou a idade média de 62,7 anos, sexo feminino, casado e aposentado. A preocupação social vocacional apresentou a melhor pontuação para a qualidade de vida enquanto a satisfação, a pior. Para os pacientes com alteração da hemoglobina glicada, a qualidade de vida foi classificada como pior do que para aqueles sem alteração. Para aqueles com o valor hemoglobina glicada sem alteração, a melhor qualidade de vida foi para o domínio preocupação social vocacional e o pior, no domínio satisfação. Conclusão: Os resultados podem subsidiar estudos de intervenção e o planejamento das ações nos serviços de saúde

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the health-related quality of life and clinical parameters of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, which was undertaken with 73 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a health unit of the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) [Brazilian Unified Health System] in Ribeirão Preto city, São Paulo State, Brazil, in 2016. The DQOL-Brazil questionnaire, which covers the domains of satisfaction, impact, social and/or vocational concerns, and concerns about diabetes mellitus, was used for data collection. Results: Most of the participants were female, married, and retired with an average age of 62.7 years old. The domain of vocational and/or social concerns had the best score for quality of life while satisfaction had the worst. The quality of life of patients with altered glycated hemoglobin levels was worse than that of patients without such alterations. For those with unchanged hemoglobin glycated levels, the domain of social and/or vocational concerns had the best quality of life scores while the domain of satisfaction had the worst. Conclusion: The results can help the development of intervention studies and strategic plans in health services

Objetivo: Investigar la calidad de vida de los pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus (DM) y parametros clinicos. Método: Estudio transversal, en Unidad de Salud del interior paulista, en 2016. La muestra fue constituida de 73 pacientes con diabetes mellitus. Se utilizó el Instrumento DQOL-Brasil, conteniendo cuatro dominios: satisfacción, impacto, preocupaciones sociales y / o vocacionales y preocupaciones relacionadas con el DM. Resultados: Edad media de 62,7 años, sexo femenino, casado y jubilado. El dominio de la preocupación social vocacional presentó la mejor puntuación para la calidad de vida mientras que el dominio de satisfacción, la peor. Para los pacientes con alteración de la hemoglobina glucosa, la calidad de vida fue clasificada como peor que para aquellos sin alteración. Para aquellos con el valor hemoglobina glucosa sin alteración, la mejor calidad de vida fue para el dominio preocupación social vocacional y el peor, en el dominio satisfacción. Conclusión: Los resultados pueden subsidiar estudios de intervención y la planificación de las acciones en los servicios de salud

Is enneagram personality system able to predict perceived risk of heart disease and readiness to lifestyle modification?

Background: Studying personality traits and patterns is of significant importance in adopting healthy behaviors. Therefore, the current study investigates the relationship between Enneagram personality types and perceived risk of heart disease and readiness to lifestyle modification. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 190 noncardiac patients (82.3% female) in an outpatient clinic in western Iran were selected using a simple random sampling method to fill out standard questionnaires. The obtained data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis. Results: The findings show that the performer personality (Type 3) can directly predict increasing readiness to lifestyle modification (P < 0.001). In contrast, there is a reverse significant relationship between the challenger personality (Type 8) and readiness to lifestyle modification (P = 0.019). Moreover, the helper personality (Type 6) is able to directly predict increasing the perceived risk of heart disease (P = 0.012). Conclusions: In the Enneagram system, unique personality types possess a unique risk perception and readiness to adopt healthy behaviors. The results of the current study can provide valuable information for healthy lifestyle programs professionals with regard to preventing cardiovascular diseases.

Intervención orientada a modificar prácticas alimentarias en adolescentes mexicanos / Intervention Intended to Modify the Eating Practices in Mexican / Teenagers Intervenção orientada a modificar práticas alimentares em adolescentes mexicanos

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la efectividad de una intervención educativa para promover prácticas de alimentación saludable en adolescentes entre 11 y 12 años, bajo un enfoque de aprendizaje activo. En esta intervención participaron adolescentes que cursaban el primer año en una escuela secundaria pública de nivel socioeconómico medio; la efectividad de la intervención se evaluó en términos de la modificación favorable de sus actitudes hacia la comida saludable, su autoeficacia para elegir y balancear alimentos y el incremento del riesgo a la salud que implica una alimentación no saludable. El análisis estadístico de los datos indicó una modificación significativa en la actitud y el riesgo percibido después de la intervención; respecto de la autoeficacia, a partir de la aplicación de un modelo markoviano se estimó cuánto debería durar la intervención para lograr que un mayor porcentaje de adolescentes se percibiera como autoeficaz para seleccionar su alimentación. Estos hallazgos apoyan la propuesta de una modificación a los programas gubernamentales, para la creación de un ambiente saludable en las escuelas de nivel elemental y mejorar las competencias de los estudiantes para seguir una dieta balanceada, sin romper con los patrones socioculturales y los hábitos alimenticios de las familias.

Abstract This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention intended to promote healthy eating practices in teenagers between 11 and 12 years old, under an active learning approach. the intervention was carried out among moderate income family teenagers in first grade of secondary education at a public school. the intervention effectiveness was evaluated considering the favorable changes in their attitudes towards the healthy food, their self-efficiency to choose and balance the food, and the increase in the health risk implied by a non-healthy diet. the statistical analysis of the data indicated a significant change in the attitude and risk perceived after the intervention. Regarding the self-efficiency, by applying a Markov model the duration was estimated for the intervention to produce a greater percentage of teenagers perceived as self-efficient to choose their food. these findings support the proposal for a modification in the governmental programs in order to create a healthy environment in the elementary schools and improve the student's competences to follow a balanced diet without breaking up with the sociocultural patterns and the eating habits of their families.

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a efetividade de uma intervenção educacional para promover práticas de alimentação saudável em adolescentes entre 11 e 12 anos, sob um enfoque de aprendizagem ativo. Nesta intervenção participaram adolescentes que cursavam o primeiro ano numa escola secundaria pública de renda média. A efetividade da intervenção foi avaliada em termos da alteração favorável da atitude para as refeições saudáveis, a auto-eficácia para escolher e balançar alimentos e o acréscimo do risco para a saúde que uma dieta não saudável envolve. A análise estatística dos dados indicou uma alteração significativa na atitude e risco percebido após a intervenção; no que diz respeito da auto-eficácia, a partir da aplicação de um modelo markoviano foi estimado quanto deveria durar a intervenção para maior percentagem de adolescentes se perceberem como auto eficazes na seleção da sua alimentação. Estes achados sustentam a proposta de uma modificação dos programas governamentais, para a criação de um ambiente saudável nas escolas de ensino fundamental e melhorar as competências dos alunos para seguir uma dieta balanceada, sim quebrar os padrões socioculturais e hábitos alimentares das famílias.

Control de la conducta en personas con diferentes índices de masa corporal / Control of Behavior in People with Different Body Mass Indexes / Controle da conduta em pessoas com diferentes índices de massa corporal

Objetivo. Comparar la autoeficacia percibida en el control del peso, el locus de control del peso y la autorregulación del peso en personas con diferentes índices de masa corporal. Método. Se realizó una investigación no experimental con un diseño comparativo y transversal, en la que participaron voluntariamente 338 personas con diferente peso, 242 mujeres y 92 hombres, en un rango de edad entre los 18 y los 64 años (M = 31.51, DE = 10.83). Se administraron los inventarios de Autorregulación del Peso, Autoeficacia Percibida en la Regulación del Peso y Locus de Control del Peso. Resultados. Las personas obesas mostraron significativamente menor puntaje que las con normopeso en la autoeficacia para realizar actividad física cotidiana; sin embargo, aquellas con sobrepeso no se diferenciaron de ninguno de estos grupos. También se identificaron diferencias significativas en las dimensiones del locus de control interno y otros poderosos. En dichas dimensiones, las personas con normopeso mostraron puntajes más bajos. No hubo diferencias en la autorregulación. Conclusión. Los resultados encontrados contradicen la creencia de que las personas obesas carecen de autocontrol para realizar conductas saludables y que este déficit las diferencia de las personas con normopeso.

Objective. To compare perceived self-efficacy in weight regulation, weight locus of control and weight self-regulation in people with different body mass indexes. Method. A non-experimental correlational and cross-sectional design was used, in which 338 people participated voluntarily with different weights, 242 women and 92 men with ages between 18 and 64 years old (M = 31.51; SD =10.83). The following scales were used: Weight Self-Regulation Inventory, Perceived Self-efficacy in Weight Regulation Inventory and Weight Locus of control Inventory. Results. Obese people showed significantly lower scores than people with normal weight for the self-efficacy inventory in doing daily physical activity. However, people who are overweight were not differentiated from either of these two groups. Significant differences were observed in the internal and other powerful dimensions of the locus of control, where people with normal weight showed significantly lower test scores; in turn, these last two groups did not differ between each other. Finally there were no significant differences in the self-report of their skills of self-regulation. Conclusion. The results obtained contradict the belief that obese people lack self-control to perform healthy behaviors, and that this deficit differentiates them from normal people.

Escopo. Comparar a auto-eficácia percebida no controle do peso, o lócus do controle do peso e a auto-regulação do peso em pessoas com diferentes índices de massa corporal. Metodologia. Foi feita uma pesquisa não experimental com um desenho comparativo e transversal. Em esta participaram voluntariamente 338 pessoas com diferentes pesos, 242 mulheres e 92 homens com idades entre os 18 e os 64 anos de idade (OR = 0.74; p < 0.01). Foram administrados os inventários de Auto-regulação do Peso, Auto-eficácia Percebida na Regulação do Peso e Lócus de Controle do Peso. Resultados. As pessoas obesas mostraram significativamente menor pontuação que as normopeso na auto-eficácia para fazer atividade física cotidiana, no entanto, aquelas com sobrepeso não estiveram diferenciadas de nenhum de estes grupos. Também foram identificadas diferencias significativas nas dimensões de lócus de controle interno e outros poderosos, nas que as pessoas de normopeso mostraram pontuações mais baixas. Não tem diferencias na auto-regulação. Conclusão. Os resultados encontrados contradizem a crença de que as pessoas obesas carecem de autocontrole para realizar condutas saludáveis e que este déficit as diferencia das pessoas normopeso.

Mudanças em comportamentos relacionados à saúde e indicadores metabólicos em universitários entre 2011 e 2014 / Changes in health-related behaviors and metabolic indicators in college students between 2011 and 2014

Esse estudo teve como objetivo analisar a relação do tempo de exposição ao ambiente universitário com mudanças nos comportamentos relacionados à saúde e indicadores metabólicos em universitários após quatro anos de ingresso no ensino superior. Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal com estudantes de uma Universidade Pública de Curitiba, Paraná, entre 2011 e 2014. A atividade física de lazer foi mensurada por meio do questionário IPAQ versão curta e os comportamentos etilismo e hábitos alimentares foram obtidos por meio do YRBSS. Foram medidos massa corporal, estatura, circunferência de cintura e pressão arterial. Foram avaliados 1197 universitários em 2011 e 455 em 2014. Foi utilizado a regressão linear para verificar a relação do tempo de exposição ao ambiente de graduação com a prática de atividade física, outros comportamentos relacionados à saúde e indicadores metabólicos. O tempo de graduação explicou a variância da prática de AFMV em 16%, o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas em 13% e 14% (consumo em excesso), a medida da cintura em 13%, e a pressão arterial em 9% (sistólica) e 6% (diastólica). Os dados demonstram que o tempo de exposição ao ambiente universitário explica parte da variância nos comportamentos relacionados à saúde e indicadores metabólicos em universitários.

This study aims was to verify the relationship of the exposure time to the university environment with the health-related behaviors and metabolic indicators in college students after four years of entrance in the undergraduate. A longitudinal study was conducted with students from a Public University of Curitiba, Paraná, between 2011 and 2014. The physical activity was measured using the short version IPAQ questionnaire and the behaviors of drinking and eating habits were obtained through of YRBSS. Body mass, height, waist circumference and blood pressure were measured. A total of 1197 college students were evaluated in 2011 and 455 in 2014. Linear regression was used to verify the relationship of the time of exposure to the under graduation environment with the practice of physical activity, and othershealth-related behaviors and metabolic indicators. Undergraduation time explained the AFMV variance in 16%, alcohol consumption in 13% and 14% (binge drink), waist measurement in 13%, and blood pressure in 9% (systolic) and 6% (diastolic). This data demonstrate that the time exposure to the university environment explains part of variance in health-related behaviors and metabolic indicators in college students.

Desenvolvimento e avaliação de serious game como estratégia educativa para enfrentamento da obesidade infantil / Development and evaluation of serious game as an educational strategy for coping with childhood obesity

A obesidade atinge proporções alarmantes no Brasil e no mundo e é considerada desafio de saúde pública. Essa condição crônica exige preparo adequado dos profissionais de saúde e demanda formas inovadoras para seu enfrentamento. Assim, novas intervenções educativas têm sido propostas, vislumbrando maior aproximação das atividades de educação em saúde ao seu público. Uma dessas abordagens traz o uso de jogos digitais como uma ferramenta adicional em tratamentos e programas de educação em saúde voltados à criança. A partir disso, este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver e avaliar um serious game como uma estratégia educativa para crianças escolares portadoras de sobrepeso e obesidade. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa metodológica, aplicada e de corte transversal. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas etapas: desenvolvimento e avaliação da versão final do serious game; e inserção e avaliação do serious game em um programa de enfrentamento da obesidade infantil. O desenvolvimento da versão final do jogo foi por meio dos referenciais de Prochaska (2008), Schell (2008) e Novak (2010). A segunda etapa da pesquisa contou com toda a população de crianças pertencente ao -Programa de condicionamento físico com games interativos para crianças obesas e/ou sobrepeso? durante o período de janeiro a julho de 2017. Ao total, 13 crianças e seus respectivos responsáveis aceitaram participar do estudo. Realizou-se a identificação do perfil das crianças participantes do programa por meio de dados antropométricos, de questionários sobre as condições socioeconômicas, hábitos alimentares e de atividade física. A idade dos participantes variou de sete a 11 anos e os IMC variaram de 21,1 a 40,4, revelando escores Z acima do valor +2, referentes à obesidade e obesidade grave. O jogo foi apresentado às crianças ao final das atividades do Programa de condicionamento físico, de maneira individual. A versão final do jogo foi desenvolvida e disponibilizada online de forma gratuita ao público. O DigesTower foi bem recebido pelos participantes, que afirmaram ter imersão, motivação e estímulo para melhoria do seu conhecimento. No geral, as crianças afirmaram que aprenderam com o DigesTower a encarar os alimentos de outra forma e a diferenciar os mais saudáveis dos menos saudáveis, além da importância do exercício físico para a saúde. Espera-se que os resultados forneçam evidências que sustentem a importância do uso de ferramentas inovadoras que auxiliem intervenções educativas no âmbito da obesidade infantil. Ainda, almeja-se que este estudo auxilie futuras pesquisas em que seus objetos de estudo sejam o desenvolvimento de jogos digitais para crianças em geral

Obesity reaches alarming proportions in Brazil and worldwide and is considered a public health challenge. This chronic condition requires adequate preparation of health professionals and demands innovative ways to cope with it. Thus, new educational interventions have been proposed, seeking a closer approximation of health education activities to its public. One such approach involves the use of digital games as an additional tool in child-directed health education and treatment programs. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a serious game as an educational strategy for school children who are overweight and obese. It was a methodological, applied and cross-sectional research. The study was realized in two stages: development and evaluation of the final version of the serious game; and insertion and evaluation of the serious game in a program of coping with childhood obesity. The development of the final version of the game was through the references of Prochaska (2008), Schell (2008) and Novak (2010). The second stage of the research included the entire population of children belonging to the "Physical fitness program with interactive games for obese and/or overweight children" during the period from January to July of 2017. In total, 13 children and their respective parents accepted participate in the study. The profile of the children participating in the program was identified through anthropometric data, questionnaires on socioeconomic conditions, eating habits and physical activity. The participants' ages ranged from seven to 11 years, and BMI ranged from 21.1 to 40.4, showing Z scores above the +2 value, referring to obesity and severe obesity. The game was presented to the children at the end of the activities of the Physical Fitness Program, individually. The final version of the game was developed and made available online for free to the public. DigesTower was well received by the participants, who said they had immersion, motivation and encouragement to improve their knowledge. Overall, the children said that they learned from DigesTower how to look at food differently and differentiate between healthier and less healthy, as well as the importance of physical exercise for health. The results are expected to provide evidence to support the importance of using innovative tools that support educational interventions in the context of childhood obesity. It is also hoped that this study will aid future research in which their objects of study are the development of digital games for children in general

Comportamentos relacionados à saúde em idosos brasileiros residentes na comunidade: dados do FIBRA ­ polo UNICAMP / Health-related behaviors in elderly brazilians community dwelling: FIBRA UNICAMP data

Buscou-se descrever e identificar associações entre comportamentos relacionados à saúde entre si e com variáveis sociodemográficas em idosos residentes na comunidade. O estudo, de caráter descritivo, populacional e de corte transversal, é parte das análises do banco eletrônico do Estudo FIBRA ­ polo Unicamp, com amostra probabilística de 2552 idosos, com média etária de 72,3 anos (DP=±5,5), e composta predominantemente por mulheres (66%). Análises de Correspondência Múltipla mostraram associações entre as variáveis, apontando para a tendência de formação de três perfis comportamentais da amostra: 1) "Engajados em comportamentos não-saudáveis", 2) "Engajados em Comportamentos Saudáveis" e 3) "Indiferentes ou passivos frente à saúde". Ratificando a literatura, os comportamentos relacionados à saúde de idosos devem ser considerados de forma multidimensional ao gerar sinergia entre si. Tais informações contribuem para o delineamento de estratégias de serviços em saúde e bem-estar para a população idosa. (AU)

It attempted to describe and identify associations between healthrelated behaviors among themselves and with sociodemographic variables in the elderly community dwelling. The study, descriptive, population character, and cross-sectional analysis, is part of the electronic bank FIBRA Study ­ Unicamp pole ­, with a random sample of 2552 older, with a mean age of 72.3 years (SD = ± 5.5) and consisting primarily of women (66%). Multiple correspondence analysis showed associations between variables, pointing to thetrend of formation of three behavioral sample profiles: 1) "Engaged in unhealthy behaviors", 2) "Engaged in Healthy Behaviors" and 3) "Indifferent or passive front the health". Ratifying the literature, the health-related behaviors of the elderly should be considered in a multidimensional way generating synergy between each other. Such information contributes to the design of strategies in health care and welfare for the elderly. (AU)

Students' and teachers' understanding of the WebCas questionnaire for assessing health- related behaviors / Compreensão de escolares e professores em relação ao questionário WebCas destinado a avaliar comportamentos relacionados à saúde

The objective of this study was to verify students' and teachers' understanding of the WebCas questionnaire, which aims to assess health-related behaviors. This cross-sectional, descriptive and exploratory survey used the qualitative technique of focus groups with 24 students and 6 teachers. The students highlighted the need to include colorful drawings, to display the segmentation of the day on the computer screen, to provide small explanatory texts in the questionnaire, and to replace terms that are unusual for children. Teachers suggested the inclusion of two images, one representing the male sex and the other representing the female one, and the creation of a scale to represent the intensities of activities, such as the sensation of tiredness, represented by sweat on the skin and hair and reddened skin. This study presented important contributions provided by students and teachers that enabled a better understanding of the WebCas electronic questionnaire in its application with children and adolescents.

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a compreensão de escolares e professores em relação ao questionário WebCas destinado para avaliar os comportamentos relacionados à saúde. Esta é uma pesquisa descritiva exploratória de delineamento transversal, utilizando-se da técnica qualitativa de grupos focais realizada com 24 escolares e seis professores. Os escolares destacaram a necessidade da inclusão de de-senhos coloridos, a segmentação do dia na tela do computador, a inclusão de pequenos textos explicativos e de termos pouco usuais para as crianças. Os professores destacaram a inclusão de duas figuras, uma representando o sexo masculino e outra o feminino e, ainda a criação de uma escala para representar as intensidades das atividades, como: sensação de cansaço, representada pelo suor na pele e no cabelo e pele avermelhada. Este estudo apresentou importantes contribuições dos escolares e professores que permitiram uma melhor compreensão do questionário eletrônico WebCas na sua aplicação com crianças e adolescentes.

Estado nutricional, condición física, rendimiento escolar, nivel de ansiedad y hábitos de salud en estudiantes de primaria de la provincia del Bio Bío (Chile): Estudio transversal / Nutritional status, fitness, school performance, anxiety level and health habits in primary school in the Bio Bío province of Chile: A cross-sectional study

RESUMEN En los últimos años, la obesidad ha aumentado y ello se ha asociado a una disminución de la condición física, problemas psicológicos y un bajo rendimiento escolar. El objetivo fue describir el estado nutricional, la condición física, el rendimiento escolar, el nivel de ansiedad y los hábitos de salud en escolares de enseñanza básica (6-7 años), y evaluar las diferencias entre sobrepesos/obesos y normo-pesos. Se realizaron dos estudios (n= 276) en escolares de 1° y 2° año básico. En ambos estudios, se obtuvieron parámetros antropométricos, de condición física y de rendimiento académico. Adicionalmente, en el 1° estudio se midió el perímetro de cintura (PC) y en el 2° hábitos de salud y sintomatología ansiosa. Niños y niñas presentaron altos niveles de sobrepeso y obesidad. Quienes poseían mayores niveles de IMC/edad tenían peor condición física, dedicaron menos horas semanales a actividad física sistemática y comían más alimentos no saludables. No hubo diferencias en rendimiento académico. Las niñas con sobrepeso/obesidad presentaron menores niveles de ansiedad que las con normopeso. Si bien estos resultados revelan el actual estado nutricional, condición física, académica y mental de una muestra de escolares de enseñanza básica, se necesitan más estudios para confirmar el alto grado de obesidad y sobrepeso detectado.

ABSTRACT In recent years, obesity has increased and its presence has been associated with poor physical condition, psychological problems and poor school performance. The aim of this study was to describe nutritional status, physical condition, school performance, anxiety level, and health habits in primary schoolchildren (6-7 years old). We also determined differences among overweight/obese and normal weight groups. Two studies were conducted among 1st and 2nd graders (n=276). In both studies we measured: anthropometry, physical fitness, and academic performance. In addition, in the first study, waist circumference was measured and, in the 2nd study, health habits and anxiety symptoms were obtained. Boys and girls had high levels of overweight and obesity. Those who had higher levels of BMI/age had worse physical fitness, spent less hours per week in scheduled physical activity, ate more unhealthy foods. There were no differences in academic performance. Overweight/obese girls had lower anxiety symptoms than normal weight girls. While these results shed light on current nutritional status, physical, academic and mental condition of a sample of primary school children, further studies are needed to confirm the elevated levels of obesity and overweight detected.

Necesidad de autocuidado en la mujer: un reto para la prevención de la enfermedad cardiovascular / Need for women self-care: a challenged for the prevention of cardiovascular disease

Introducción: la agencia del autocuidado es la capacidad que tiene el individuo de cuidarse a sí mismo, donde pueden influir diversos factores propios o factores condicionantes que afecten las características de la salud de la persona. Objetivo: evaluar la capacidad de agencia de autocuidado en la mujer para la prevención de la enfermedad cardiovascular. Métodos: revisión bibliográfica en libros, información oficial registrada en bases de datos de metabuscadores reconocidos internacionalmente durante el periodo 2000-2013 tendiendo en consideración criterios óptimos de inclusión y exclusión referente al tema investigado. Conclusiones: los programas de salud pública en atención primaria cumplen con la planeación en prevención y promoción hacia la salud cardiovascular, pero la evidencia científica no logra demostrar disminución de indicadores sobre morbi-mortalidad en la población femenina, por lo que se recomienda el fomento de investigaciones evaluativas del proceso educativo para realizar un diagnóstico detallado sobre estrategias de enseñanza, aprendizaje y dominio conceptual que conlleven a retroalimentar de manera contextualizada la eficacia de los programas de promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad(AU)

Introduction: Self-care management is the individual capacity to care for himself or herself, in which different factor both individually-inherent or conditioning may have in influence as they affect the person's health characteristics. Objective: Assess the women's capacity for self-care management for the prevention of the cardiovascular disease. Methods: Bibliography review in books, official information records in databases of internationally renowned meta-browsers, during the period from 2000 to 2013, considering optimal inclusion and exclusion criteria referring to the investigated topic. Conclusions: Public health programs in primary health care fulfill the planning for prevention and promotion regarding cardiovascular health, but the scientific evidence does not show the decrease of morbidity and mortality in the female population, a reason why it is recommended fostering research assessing the educational process to diagnose in details the teaching, learning and conceptual management strategies leading to a contextualized feedback in the efficiency of the health promotion and diseases prevention programs(AU)

Efecto de la estrategia chance de vida en la prevención y tratamiento de niños menores de cinco años con sobrepeso u obesidad / Effect of the strategy chance for life in the prevention and treatment children under five years with overweight/obesity

OBJETIVO: evaluar efecto de la estrategia chance de vida (C: colores del fuego, H: horarios (reloj de día), AN: antropometría, C: plato a colores de payaso, E: estimulación (ejercicios) incluyendo en el entorno VIDA en niños con sobrepeso/ obesidad entre 6 meses y 5 años. MÉTODO: se incluyeron 23 pacientes (12 niños, 11 niñas) con sobrepeso/obesidad de acuerdo a criterios de inclusión, previa toma de medidas antropométricas, ecografía del timo y muestra sanguínea para determinar glicemia y perfil lipídico, los niños fueron monitorizados a domicilio con la estrategia chance de vida por 6 meses. RESULTADOS: edad promedio: 27,0± 18,5 meses, Z score IMC: 2,6±0,83 al ingreso, a las dos semanas 2,59±0,88 (ns), cuarta semana 1,93±0,67 (p≤0,001) 12ava semana 1,27±0,52 (p≤0,001) y 24ava semana 0,87±0, 52(p≤0,001). La ingesta calórica: 1803,9±382 Kcal al ingreso, egreso: 1017,3±164,6kcal/día (p≤0,000). El grado desarrollo psicomotor: 76,5±4,8 % al inicio, al concluir: 97,6±1,96% (p≤0,001). Las LDL fueron: 130,0±9,1 mg/dl al ingreso, egreso 91,2±5,9mg/dl (p≤0,000), HDL: 30,9±3,2 mg/dl al ingreso, egreso: 45,0±5,9mg/dl (p≤0,000), triglicéridos 160,4±9,1mg/dl ingreso, egreso: 130,8±10,1mg/dl (p≤0,000), colesterol: 179,8±5,5 mg/dl ingreso, egreso: 146,9±7,7 y la glicemia: 88,2±5,7 mg/dl al ingreso y egreso: 77,2±6,3 mg/dl. La superficie del timo: 378±64,9 mm2 ingreso, egreso: 637,7 ± 80,13mm2(p≤0,001). Las madres 86,9 % (20) tuvieron sobrepeso/ obesidad y en 13,0 % fueron los padres, la edad promedio de estas madres: 22,6±3,4 años El promedio de IMC para las madres llego a 27,5±2,5 kg/m2, al concluir el seguimiento: 25,3±2,3kg/m2. Se correlacionaron significativamente el IMC a las 12 semanas, instrumentos: colores del fuego, aporte de calórico, la frecuencia de alimentación, reloj de día, uso de plato de payaso (p<0,001). Incremento de LDH, pliegue cutáneo tricipital (p<0,001), la medida del timo al ingreso con LDH (p<0,01). En la relación madre-niño(a) encontramos correlaciones del aporte calórico de la madre con el del niño a las 2, 8 y 12 semanas; el timo con el PCT de la madre a las 12 semanas y aporte de calorías de la madre con el desarrollo del niño (p<0,001). CONCLUSIONES: la estrategia chance de vida fue útil para la recuperación de niños con sobrepeso u obesidad.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the effect of chance for life (C strategy: colors of fire, H: Hours (Day Watch), AN: Anthropometry, C: Plate to colors clown, E: Stimulation (exercises) including the environment LIFE in overweight / obese between 6 months and 5 years. METHOD: 23 patients (12 boys, 11 girls) overweight / obese according to inclusion criteria were included, after taking anthropometric measurements, ultrasound thymus and blood sample to determine glucose and lipid profile, children were monitored at home with the chance of life strategy for 6 months. RESULTS: average age: 27.0 ± 18.5 months BMI Z score: 2.6 ± 0.83 at admission, two weeks 2.59 ± 0.88 (ns), fourth week 1.93 ± 0.67 (p≤0.001), 1.27 ± 0.52 12th week (p≤0.001) and week 24 0.87 ± 0.52 (p≤0.001) .The caloric intake: 1803.9 ± 382 Kcal to entry, exit: 1017.3 ± 164,6kcal / day (p≤0.000). The degree psychomotor development: 76.5 ± 4.8% at the beginning, at the end: 97.6 ± 1.96% (p≤0.001). LDL were: 130.0 ± 9.1mg / dl at admission, discharge 91.2 ± 5.9mg / dl (p≤0.000), HDL: 30.9 ± 3.2 mg/dl at admission, discharge: 45.0 ± 5.9mg / dl (p≤0.000), triglycerides 160.4 ± 9.1mg / dl entry, exit: 130.8 ± 10,1mg / dl (p≤0.000) cholesterol: 179.8 ± 5.5 mg / dl entry, exit: 146.9 ± 7.7 and glycemia: 88,2 ± 5,7 mg / dl at admission and discharge: 77.2 ± 6.3 mg / dl. The surface of the thymus: 378 ± 64.9 mm2 entry, exit: 637.7 ± 80.13mm2 (p≤0.001) .The mothers 86.9% (20) were overweight / obese and 13.0% were parents the average age of these mothers: 22.6 ± 3.4 years, the average BMI for mothers came to 27.5 ± 2.5 kg / m2, at the end of follow-up: 25.3 ± 2.3kg / m2. BMI was significantly correlated at 12 weeks, instruments colors of fire, caloric intake, feeding frequency, clock day use dish clown (p <0.001). LDH increase, triceps skinfold (p <0.001), the measure thymus income LDH (p <0.01). In the mother-child relationship (a) found correlations of caloric intake from mother to child at 2, 8 and 12 weeks; thymus PCT mother at 12 weeks and calorie intake from mother to child development (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Life chance strategy was useful for the recovery of children are overweight or obese.

Autoeficacia y adherencia terapéutica en personas con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 / Self-efficacy and therapeutic adherence in people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

La presente investigación permitió determinar la relación entre la autoeficacia general percibida y la adherencia terapéutica en adultos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que asisten al Hospital Universitario de Bucaramanga Los Comuneros. El tipo de diseño fue un estudio cuantitativo descriptivo correlacional donde la muestra estuvo constituida por 178 personas, quienes fueron entrevistadas en el momento de la consulta de enfermería previo o posterior al control programado de riesgo cardiovascular. Para la caracterización sociodemográfica, funcionalidad y estado mental, se aplicó la ficha de caracterización de paciente crónico. La adherencia terapéutica se evaluó con un instrumento validado basado en la etiqueta de resultado del Nursing Outcomes Classification y se aplicó la Escala General de Autoeficacia. Con los datos obtenidos se describieron los principales hallazgos sociodemográficos, donde se muestra una media de 11.5 de años de diagnóstico de diabetes tipo 2. Los participantes del estudio en mayor proporción fueron mujeres; la media de edad para este estudio fue de 67.2 años para ambos sexos. La adherencia terapéutica se describe entre: en ocasiones manifestada y con frecuencia manifestada, con una media de 3.68. Se encontró menor adherencia a los aspectos: cumple actividades prescritas (41.6% nunca cumple), supervisa los efectos secundarios del tratamiento (64.6% nunca supervisa) y reconoce las complicaciones de ser diabético (47.2% no las reconoce). El 91% de la muestra presentó altos niveles de autoeficacia. No se encontraron relaciones estadísticamente significativas entre la autoeficacia general y la adherencia terapéutica. Se describe una relación significativa entre el cumplimiento de la actividad prescrita y la autoeficacia (p 0.000).

This investigation allowed us to establish the relationship between perceived general selfefficacy and therapeutic adherence in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending to Hospital Universitario de Bucaramanga Los Comuneros. The design type was a quantitative, descriptive, correlational study with a sample consisting of 178 individuals, who were interviewed during nursing consultation before or after programmed cardiovascular risk control. For sociodemographic, functionality and mental state characterization, the characterization datasheet of chronic patient was applied. The therapeutic adherence was assessed by using a validated instrument based on result label of Nursing Outcomes Classification, and the General Scale of Self-Efficacy was applied. The main sociodemographic findings were described with data gathered, where a mean of 11.5 years of type 2 diabetes diagnostic were recorded. The study participants were mainly women, with a mean age of 67.2 for both genders in this study. The therapeutic adherence was described as follows: occasionally manifested and frequently manifested, with a mean of 3.68. A lower adherence to the following items were found: prescribed activities fulfillment (never fulfills, 41.6%), supervision of treatment side effects (never oversees, 64.6%) and recognizing of complications of being a diabetic (do not recognizes them, 47.2%). In 91% of the sample high levels of self-efficacy were seen. No statistically significant relationships between general self-efficacy and therapeutic adherence were found. A significant relationship between fulfillment of prescribed activity and self-efficacy was described (p 0.000).

Recomendações e práticas dos comportamentos saudáveis entre indivíduos com diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial e diabetes no Brasil: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), 2013 / Recommendations and practice of healthy behaviors among patients with diagnosis and diabetes in Brazil: National Health Survey (PNS), 2013

Resumo: Objetivo: Analisar as recomendações relacionadas aos comportamentos saudáveis e a adoção das práticas recomendadas entre indivíduos hipertensos e diabéticos. Métodos: Foram analisadas recomendações relacionadas aos comportamentos saudáveis segundo local do último atendimento (atenção básica; outros estabelecimentos públicos; estabelecimentos do setor privado). Os efeitos de ter um diagnóstico de hipertensão ou diabetes sobre a adoção das práticas recomendadas foram analisados por modelos de regressão logística multivariada, usando sexo, idade, e grau de escolaridade como variáveis de controle, e os seguintes desfechos: uso atual de produtos de tabaco; prática regular de atividade física no lazer; consumo recomendado de hortaliças e frutas; percepção de baixo consumo de sal; consumo frequente de doces; consumo excessivo de álcool. Resultados: Aproximadamente, 88% dos hipertensos receberam recomendações de ter uma alimentação saudável, 91% de ingerir menos sal, 83% de praticar atividade física regular, e 76% de não fumar. Entre os diabéticos, todas as recomendações relacionadas à alimentação foram muito frequentes, 95% para o hábito de ter uma alimentação com frutas e hortaliças. O efeito de ter um diagnóstico de hipertensão foi significativo para o não uso de produtos de tabaco e percepção de baixo consumo de sal. O diagnóstico de diabetes influenciou principalmente o hábito de não consumir doces frequentemente. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se que os hipertensos e diabéticos dão prioridade a não usar hábitos nocivos à saúde do que adotar práticas que lhe trarão benefícios. É preciso promover não só os efeitos adversos dos hábitos nocivos, mas também os benefícios dos comportamentos saudáveis para o envelhecimento com qualidade.

Abstract: Objective: To analyze healthy life style recommendations given in health care and the adoption of healthy behaviors among hypertension and diabetes patients. Methods: We analyzed the recommendations according to the place of the last health care visit (primary health care, other public facilities, and private health care facilities). The effects of having a diagnosis of hypertension or diabetes on the adoption of healthy practices were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression models, using sex, age, and educational level as control variables, and the following outcomes: current use of tobacco products; regular physical activity during leisure time; recommended intake of fruits and vegetables; perception of low salt intake; frequent consumption of sweets; and excessive alcohol consumption. Results: Approximately 88% of hypertension patients received recommendations to have a healthy diet, 91% to eat less salt, 83% to practice regular physical activity, and 76% to not to smoke. Among diabetic patients, all recommendations related to nutrition were very frequent, reaching 95% for the habit of having fruits and vegetables regularly. The effect of having a diagnosis of hypertension was significant for non-use of tobacco products and perception of low salt intake. The diagnosis of diabetes mainly influenced the habit of not consuming sweets often. Conclusion: Results evidenced that people with diagnosis of hypertension and diabetes give priority to not use (stop) harmful health behaviors than to adopt practices that will bring benefits to their health. It is necessary to promote not only the adverse effects of harmful habits, but also the benefits of healthy behaviors to aging well.

As interfaces do ambiente para a saúde: um estudo com crianças / Las interfaces del ambiente para la salud: un estudio con niños / Environmental interfaces in health: a study of school agers

O estudo objetivou analisar o conhecimento de crianças sobre vida saudável, o que pode torná-las corresponsáveis pela própria saúde. trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva do tipo pesquisa-ação, em que foram entrevistadas 19 crianças de 7 a 12 anos em uma Policlínica Militar do município de Niterói/RJ. Durante a consulta de enfermagem, foi realizada entrevista semiestruturada, entre os meses de agosto e setembro de 2013. Os dados foram coletados e submetidos à análise de conteúdo de Bardin, seguida por categorização. Os resultados demonstraram que as crianças possuem conhecimentos capazes de fomentar uma vida baseada em comportamentos saudáveis, mas, para isto, é necessário incentivo e ações de profissionais que gerem interfaces de relações produtivas com as crianças. Concluiu-se que o enfermeiro pode ser o mediador destas interfaces e contribuir para a autonomia das crianças na corresponsabilidade para desenvolvimento de hábitos saudáveis.

This qualitative, descriptive study used action-research to ascertain children's knowledge of healthy living that can make them co-responsible for their own health. In August and September 2013, during nursing appointments at a Military Medical Clinic in Niteroi/RJ, Brazil, 19 schoolchildren from 7 to 12 years old took part in semi structured interviews. The data were subject to Bardin's content analysis, followed by categorization. The results showed that children have knowledge able to foster a life based on healthy behavior; that, however, requires incentives and professional action to build productive relationship interfaces with the children. It was concluded that nurses can mediate at these interfaces and contribute to children's autonomy in co-responsibility for developing healthy habits.

El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el conocimiento de los niños sobre la vida saludable que puede hacerlos corresponsables de su propia salud. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, descriptiva, de tipo investigación-acción, donde 19 niños de 7 a 12 años de edad fueron entrevistados, en una Clínica Militar de Niterói/RJ, Brasil. Durante la consulta de enfermería, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas entre los meses de agosto y septiembre 2013. Los datos recolectados fueron sometidos al análisis de contenido de Bardin, seguido de categorización. Los resultados mostraron que los niños tienen los conocimientos capaces de fomentar una vida basada en comportamientos saludables, pero, para esto, hace falta incentivos y acciones de profesionales que generen interfaces de las relaciones con los niños. Se concluyó que lo enfermero puede ser el mediador de estas interfaces y contribuir a la autonomía del niño en la corresponsabilidad en cuanto al desarrollo de hábitos saludables

Associations between food insecurity and healthy behaviors among Korean adults

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Food insecurity has been suggested as being negatively associated with healthy behaviors and health status. This study was performed to identify the associations between food insecurity and healthy behaviors among Korean adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The data used were the 2011 Community Health Survey, cross-sectional representative samples of 253 communities in Korea. Food insecurity was defined as when participants reported that their family sometimes or often did not get enough food to eat in the past year. Healthy behaviors were considered as non-smoking, non-high risk drinking, participation in physical activities, eating a regular breakfast, and maintaining a normal weight. Multiple logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to identify the association between food insecurity and healthy behaviors. RESULTS: The prevalence of food insecurity was 4.4% (men 3.9%, women 4.9%). Men with food insecurity had lower odds ratios (ORs) for non-smoking, 0.75 (95% CI: 0.68-0.82), participation in physical activities, 0.82 (95% CI: 0.76-0.90), and eating a regular breakfast, 0.66 (95% CI: 0.59-0.74), whereas they had a higher OR for maintaining a normal weight, 1.19 (95% CI: 1.09-1.30), than men with food security. Women with food insecurity had lower ORs for non-smoking, 0.77 (95% CI: 0.66-0.89), and eating a regular breakfast, 0.79 (95% CI: 0.72-0.88). For men, ORs for obesity were 0.78 (95% CI: 0.70-0.87) for overweight and 0.56 (95% CI: 0.39-0.82) for mild obesity. For women, the OR for moderate obesity was 2.04 (95% CI: 1.14-3.63) as compared with normal weight. CONCLUSIONS: Food insecurity has a different impact on healthy behaviors. Provision of coping strategies for food insecurity might be critical to improve healthy behaviors among the population.